What are the functions of the application layer? How were the earliest application$-$layer protocols defined? What application do you spend the most time on$?$

What is URL? Describe the parts of a typical web URL.

What are cookies in the context of the Internet? Find a cookie on your computer. What information does it contain?

What are third$-$party cookies? What are they used for?

What is a killer application?

Describe the differences between pull and push forms of communication, using the web and e$-$mail as examples.

What is flaming?

Describe the high$-$level structure of the e$-$mail system.

What are an MTA and an MUA in the context of e$-$mail?

What is the role of SMTP in e$-$mail?

What is the role of POP$/$ IMAP in e$-$mail?

What are some important differences between POP and IMAP?

What is FTP$?$

How is FTP different from HTTP$?$