What is the relationship between interest rates and length of time to present and future values? What is the process of discounting and compounding? What are annuities and annuities due? And how do they work? What are the characteristics and valuation of perpetuities? What are effective annual rates? What kind of loan types are there and what are their characteristics? What are the different types of bonds? Explain each one - corporate, treasury, junk, etc. Explain the bond characteristics - sinking funds, call provisions, convertibility, interest rate risk, etc. What is the relationship of coupon amounts and interest rates to bond prices? What are common stock rights and its characteristics? What are preferred stock rights and its characteristics? What is valuation using dividend growth model