When responding to questions you must:

1. List the question you are answering

2. Provide an in depth response

3. In your response provide references from the text that support your answers.

1. Who benefits the most from menu mandates caloric labeling of food in restaurants and vending machines and why? Are there any costs associated with menu mandates? If so, what are they?

1. The inflation- and quality-corrected prices of just about every technological device have fallen dramatically. The prices have gone down and the quality has gone up for flat-screen TVs, smartphones, tablets, and gaming computers, among others. Few will argue that we are worse off because of falling prices of technological goods. Why do we not use the same reasoning when we discuss the large decline in the price of food?

1. If payment for organs drives up the financial costs of transplants compared to the costs of dialysis, is it possible that private insurance companies, and even Medicare and Medicaid, might respond by changing their standards for transplants? Could the standards change in different directions (tighter for one, looser for the other)? If the standards were to change, who would gain and who would lose compared to the current system?

1. The average waiting time on transplant lists is about five years for kidneys (although this is expected to rise sharply due to the rising incidence of diabetes, a major cause of kidney damage). Many of these people waiting must undergo dialysis, at a cost of $90,000 per year for the dialysis, plus another $30,000 per year for related medical expenses. These costs are paid for by in part by private insurance, but mostly by Medicare or Medicaid. Suppose that if payment for organs were permitted, the transplant waiting time was shortened by four years, and that for the average patient, the result was forty-eight months less on dialysis. At what price for a kidney would a system of paying for organs be a "break-even" proposition for insurers? Show all calculations and explain your reasoning.