Which country has been considered a pioneer in the use of biofuels, particularly ethanol? a. Russia

b. The United States c. Brazil d. Mexico

The Chinese government practices a form of institutional discrimination through the Hukou, which is a mechanism for determining social entitlements based on: a. age. b. occupation.

c. gender. d. place of residence.

Which U.S. Act prohibits mergers and acquisitions when the effect may be substantially to lessen competition or to tend to create a monopoly? a. The Clayton Act b. The Hart-Scott-Rodino Act

c. The Smoot-Hawley Act d. The Kyoto Protocol

Which of the following is NOT one of the primary distinctions between U.S. and foreign labor laws?

Many non-U.S. nations' laws require employee consultation or participation in management decisions that

Americans view as being the owner's prerogative.

Many non-U.S. countries place legal constraints on employee dismissal that are unfamiliar to the U.S. investor.

When a U.S. investor acquires a foreign business, by operation of law, it may also be acquiring the foreign industry's labor arrangements.

Many American laws require employee consultation or participation in management decisions that non- U.S. businesspeople view as being the owner's prerogative.

Within the European Union, an environmental action program came about because of: a. The Uruguay Rounds. b. The United Nations. c. The Bill of Rights.

d. The Single European Act.

As to the general direction of labor abroad:

few countries require employee consultation or participation in management decisions.

Many countries place restraints on employee dismissal that are unfamiliar to U.S. investors.

a. I only.

b. II only. c. Both I and II. d. Neither I nor II.

In many European countries, workers have been granted a right of consultation about or notice before reducing the work force. The country that generally grants its workers the most rights of participation is: a. Great Britain. b. France.

c. Germany. d. Italy.

In order to qualify for the favorable tax treatment of a Foreign Sales Corporation, a U.S. firm must meet all of the following tests, except: a. at least one director must be a nonresident of the U.S. b. its income must be derived from qualified export activity such as the sale of goods abroad.

c. management must be outside the U.S. d. none of the income may be repatriated to the United States. e. the FSC must participate in soliciting, negotiating, or contracting with a foreign buyer.

The European Commission has given exemptions in all of the following areas except: a. exclusive purchasing agreements. b. patent license agreements. c. motor vehicle distribution agreements.

d. merger agreements.

Modern traditional theories of the taking of private property are followed by: a. most developed industrialized countries. b. most developing countries. c. most communist countries.

d. all of the above.

The vehicle of choice most often for a U.S. investor who wishes to exercise a measure of control over its foreign investment is a(n): a. interlocking directorate. b. investment trust.

c. joint venture. d. all of the above.

In Reyes-Gaona v. North Carolina Growers, the court grappled with the issue of: a. whether U.S. antitrust law applied to a U.S. company in Mexico. b. whether Mexican antitrust law applied to Mexican work in North Carolina. c. whether the U.S. ADA law applied in Mexico.

d. none of the above.

The court that hears appeals from the EU's antitrust enforcement agency and referrals from the courts of the EU member states on competition issues is the: a. European Court of Justice. b. Community Supreme Court.

c. European Court of Appeals. d. Antitrust Appellate Court.

When evaluating the effect of a merger, the European Union seeks to determine:

the impact of the merger by totaling the total number of competitors left.

amount of capital invested in the combined companies in relation to the remaining competitors.

the compatibility of the merger with the common market, which is presumed if market share will not exceed 25 percent.

none of the above.

Under the modern traditional theory, the sovereign may nationalize foreign-owned property only where: a. it is for a public purpose. b. the foreign firm that owned the property was operating it unprofitably. c. a communist government takes over the country.

d. the foreign firm has continuously violated the laws of the host country.

The European Union treaties prohibit discrimination on the basis of: a. religion.

b. ethnic background. c. nationality. d. all of the above.

Under the EU merger regulations, preapproval is not needed under which of the following conditions? a. Where a non-EU firm is involved in the merger. b. Where the firms are involved in agricultural trade. c. Where the merger falls under a de minimis exception or has the benefit of a block exception.

d. All of the above.

The primary reason for the absence of much litigation under foreign competition law is:

The preapproval process reduces the necessity for litigation.

Differences in the remedies and types of sanctions for violations.

Cultural attitudes toward antitrust law differ.

a. I only. b. II only. c. III only. d. I and I. e. I, II, and III.

Multinational agencies have advanced the environmental effort by applying uniform environmental standards to projects they finance. For example:

a. the World Health Organization has guidelines for pollution controls. b. the World Bank has a volume of Environmental Guidelines for industrial projects.

c. the Tokyo Stock Exchange allows no investors who do not adhere to its environmental guidelines. d. none of the above.

The difficulties associated with private political risk insurance include all of the following except: a. it is difficult to obtain. b. it is very costly. c. the approval process is slower than with public insurance agencies.

d. the terms of many private political risk policies are limited to a very short period of time.

The "circle of poison" refers to:

getting food poisoning when traveling to a country with unsanitary food preparation conditions.

chemicals that are at first banned in the United States, then allowed to be produced, and then banned again.

the foreign sale of U.S.-made pesticides that have been banned in the United States and then reimported as a residue on imported foods.

none of the above.

In keeping with the litigious character of the American legal system, U.S. antitrust laws: I. Are stated in general terms. II. The details are to be worked out through administrative regulations. a. I only.

b. II only. c. Both I and II. d. Neither I nor II.

The cornerstone of U.S. environmental regulation of exports is the concept of: a. receiving the prior informed consent of the foreign countries to which the exports are going. b. U.S. firms may not export any hazardous materials that they could not sell in the United States. c. advance permission to export from the Environmental Protection Agency. d. receiving advance permission from the United Nations before exporting hazardous or toxic materials.

A number of countries in Europe require a two-tiered board of directors. The two-tiered boards are: a. a supervisory board and a management board. b. a minority board and a majority board. c. an elected board and an appointed board.

d. a labor board and an administrative board.

50. The European Union uses an exemption system in its competition law. This means that:

certain industries are exempted from antitrust law because of their technology.

an agreement can be entered into if the prospective parties can obtain a "negative clearance" from the European Commission.

certain countries are exempt from the competition law until they reach further economic development.

none of the above.