1. Which of the following can be an example of a multi-valued attribute in ER modeling of a database?

1. phone
2. email
3. address
4. All of the above
5. None of the above

2. One limitation of traditional file system, which runs programs with data, that is solved by using a database management system is:
   1. Provision of data independence
   2. Separation of data from program using the three data level architecture
   3. Replication of data and programs
   4. Use of the internet
   5. None of the above
3. In a database, integrity constraints must not be violated after any database update. Given a database table with schema Customer (Id, Fname, Lname, phone), which has a state having the two tuples <1, Mark, Adam, 416-555-2233> and <2, Pat, Moore, 519-333-6161>, what integrity constraint is violated by inserting the following new tuple into Customer < NULL, Peter, Hardy, 226-222-1234>?
   1. Entity Integrity constraint
   2. Foreign key referential integrity constraint
   3. Primary Key integrity constraint
   4. All of the above
   5. None of the above