Which of the following events will cause the smallest change in the real exchange rate?

a. a 3% increase in E

b. a 6% fall in E and a 6% reduction in P*

c. a 2% increase in E and a 2% increase in P

d. a 6% increase in P and a 6% reduction in P*

e. a 6% fall in E and a 2% increase in P