Which of the following factors is NOT outside of a firm's control? O a. The firm's capital structure b. The performance of index funds, such as the S&P 500 c. Interest rates in the economy A corporation can raise funds through common equity by a. issuing preferred stock only. b. using retained earnings or/and issuing new common stock. c. using retained earnings only. d. issuing new common stock only. Beta (b) in the CAPM (Capital Asset Pricing Model) is O a a. a measure of an individual stock return. b. a measure of risk of how sensitive a stock return is to the market return. O c. a measure of a market return. . d. a measure of the risk of the entire market