Which of the following is not a conflict resolution technique?

Using behavioral change techniques such as human relations training to alter attitudes and behaviors that cause conflict.

Realigning work groups, altering rules and regulations, increasing interdependence, and making similar structural changes to disrupt the status quo.

Playing down differences while emphasizing common interests between the conflicting parties.

Face$-$to$-$face meeting of the conflicting parties for the purpose of identifying the problem and resolving it through open discussion.