Which of the following is NOT one of the principles commonly found in companies that have successfully embraced the total quality management $($TQM$)$ philosophy?

a$.$ Training employees in appropriate skills for the job

b$.$ Allowing more time for supervisors to work with employees

c$.$ Defining work standards solely in terms of numbers or quotas

d$.$ Enhancing the philosophy that mistakes, defects, and poor$-$quality materials are not acceptable

e$.$ Building an organizational commitment to quality