Which of the following is responsible for the emergence of enormous global markets for standardized consumer products such as McDonald's hamburgers, Coca-Cola, and GAP clothes?

Select one:

a.Global marketing strategies

b.The infrastructure or traditional practices among countries

c.Significant differences in consumer tastes and preferences

d.Lowered tariffs and the removal of trade barriers

e.Modern communications and transport technologies

Which of the following might necessitate the delegation of manufacturing and production functions to foreign subsidiaries?

Select one:

a.When meaningful differentiation on non-price factors is difficult and price is the main competitive weapon

b.Pressures for local responsiveness due to differences in infrastructure or traditional practices among countries

c.In industries producing commodity-type products

d.Where there is persistent excess capacity, and where consumers are powerful and face low switching costs

e.The liberalization of the world trade and investment environment in recent decades