Which of the following represents an employer applying the principles of positive reinforcement to address absenteeism?

a. An employer conducting a company-wide session on the company's leave policy 

b. An employer giving gift vouchers to employees for meeting attendance standards 

c. An employer offering personal counseling to employees who do not meet the attendance standards of the company 

d. An employer issuing a written warning to an employee for taking too many unplanned leaves

A(n) _____ typically hires the staff of an employer and writes paychecks, pays taxes, prepares and implements HR policies, keeps all the required HR records for the employer, and bears legal liability for a fee.

a. payroll vendor 

b. professional employer organization 

c. employment agency 

Carlos, the HR Director of a large paper manufacturing company, is studying the company's turnover costs. He has accounted for most of the easily calculable costs, but he is concerned about the hidden costs of turnover. Given this information, which of the following is most likely a cause of concern for Carlos?

a. Missed project deadlines 

b. Preemployment medical expenses 

c. Employee referral fees 

d. Accrued vacation expenditures

d. seed investor