Which of the following scenarios describes a capital gain?

a$.)$ A company forced an investor to pay back her $200$ shares of this item.

b$.)$ A company paid an investor $$\mathrm{.}50$ per share from its earnings each quarter.

c$.)$ An investor earned this when he sold shares at a higher price than he purchased the shares.

d$.)$ An investor who owned this item from a company has limited voting rights on major company issues.