Which of the following statements accurately describes the normative approach?

a$.$ It focuses on the firm's behavior and usually addresses how decisions and strategies are made for stakeholder relationships.

b$.$ It describes what happens if firms behave in a particular way.

c$.$ It is the degree to which a firm understands and addresses stakeholder demands.

d$.$ It describes reciprocal relationships between the firm and a host of stakeholders.

e$.$ It identifies ethical guidelines that dictate how firms should treat stakeholders.