Which of the following statements is false?

A.Not all insurable risks have a beta of zero. Some risks, such as hurricanes and earthquakes, create losses of tens of billions of dollars and may be difficult to diversify completely.

B.When a firm buys insurance, it transfers the risk of the loss to an insurance company. The insurance company charges an upfront premium to take on that risk.

C.By its very nature, insurance for nondiversifiable hazards is generally a positive beta asset; the insurance payment to the firm tends to be larger when total losses are low and the market portfolio is high.

D.Because insurance provides cash to the firm to offset losses, it can reduce the firm's need for external capital and thus reduce issuance costs.