Which of the following statements is most correct? and why?

Select one:

a. If an investment pays 10 percent interest compounded annually, its effective rate will be greater than 10 percent.

b. A 15-year mortgage will have larger monthly payments than a 30-year mortgage of the same amount and same interest rate.

c. A 5-year $100 annuity due will have a smaller present value than a 5-year $100 ordinary annuity.

d. An investment's periodic interest rate will always be equal to or greater than its nominal interest rate.

e. An investment's nominal interest rate will always be equal to or greater than its effective annual rate.