Whooping cough vaccine:Some parents fear that vaccinations may have adverse long-term effects on their children's health. In 2009, theJournal of the American Academy of Pediatricspublished research on a routine childhood vaccine for whooping cough. The researchers studied 6,811 children born between 1993 and 1997 in Leicestershire, UK. Parents answered questions over a period of more than 10 years about their children's respiratory symptoms. Researchers then linked this data to independently collected vaccination data from the National Health Service database. They divided the children into groups based on vaccine history (complete vaccines, partial vaccines, no vaccines) and compared respiratory symptoms. The study provided no evidence that vaccinated children were more likely to have respiratory problems such as wheeze and asthma.

Students in a statistics class were asked to summarize the results of this study. Which of the student statements is an appropriate summary?Check all that apply.

Group of answer choices

Vaccinating infants against whooping cough is not associated with a greater incidence of wheeze and asthma in later life.

Vaccinating against whooping cough does not increase the risk of wheeze and asthma in later life.

Whooping cough vaccinations are not linked with respiratory problems, such as wheeze and asthma, in later life.

Whooping cough vaccinations do not cause respiratory problems, such as wheeze and asthma, in later life.