Williams manufactures a variety of iron products, made to customer specifications, in small batches. Willie Williams, owner, is concerned that he does not have an accurate understanding of the costs of production. You, a newly-minted MBA, have researched his business and identified various costs and cost drivers.

	Janitorial				Welding				HR			Data Svcs		Assembly				Total
Own costs	$	12,000			$	90,000		$	37,200		$	32,400		$	54,000		$	225,600
Square feet		500				3,000			1,500			2,000			4,500			11,500
# employees		7				25			8			10			75			125
# transactions (thou)		30				100			180			600			140			1,050
Power usage		22				730			11			17			220			1,000

The service departments (Janitorial, HR, and Data Services) are allocated to the two production departments (Welding and Assembly). Janitorial costs are allocated using square feet, HR using number of employees, and Data Services using number of transactions. You recall that there are several approaches to the allocation of service department costs, direct, step-down and reciprocal methods.

If the step-down method is applied, allocating the most costly department first, which is true?

Select one:

a. HR's fractional use of Data Svcs is 180/450

b. Janitorial's fractional use of Data Svcs is 22/1,000

c. Assembly's fractional use of Janitorial is 4,500/7,500

d. Welding's fractional use of HR is 25/125