Your firm is considering a project that would require purchasing 7.8 million worth of new equipment. Determine the present value of the depreciation tax shield associated with this equipment if the firm's tax rate is 20% using the alternative depreciation methods below. Note that because the depreciation tax shield is essentially a riskless cash flow (assuming the firm's tax rate remains constant), the appropriate cost of capital to evaluate the benefit from accelerated depreciation is the risk-free rate; assume this rate is 7% for all maturities.

a. Straight-line over a 10-year period, with the first deduction starting in one year.

b. Straight-line over a five-year period, with the first deduction starting in one year.

c. Using MACRS depreciation with a five-year recovery period and starting immediately.

d. 100% bonus depreciation (all the depreciation expense occurs when the asset is put into use, in this case immediately).