9.1 It may be as well to suggest to her that she start her attendance at meetings with an unstructured approach in order to simply get the ‘feel’ of what is happening. She should make notes of her general impressions of the ‘new EU member states’ team members’ general participation in meetings. She could then analyse these data and develop an observational instrument which could be used in further meetings she attends. This instrument would be based on a coding schedule that allowed her to record, among other things, the amount of contribution by each person at the meeting and the content of that contribution. Data collection at the meetings does, of course, raise questions of research ethics. In our view, you, as the project manager, should explain to the team the role that the researcher is playing at the meetings. It would be quite truthful to say that the meeting participation of all team members is being observed with the overall purpose of making the meetings more effective, although it need not be emphasised what gave rise to the project manager’s initial concern.