1. Cultural differences in cognitive tasks may be situational. One way to think about cultural differences in cognition is through the perspective of culture as cognition, discussed earlier in this chapter. This perspective suggests that one’s performance on cognitive tasks depends on the type of cultural “mindset” one is in at the time of task engagement. Across eight studies examining attention involving Koreans, Korean Americans, Hong Kong Chinese, European-, Hispanic- and Asian-heritage Americans, and Norwegians, Oyserman and colleagues (2009) demonstrated that performance on cognitive tasks was dependent on cues in the moment for all groups studied. When contrast and separation were made salient in the minds of the participants through priming, participants attended to single targets or main points. When assimilation and connection were primed, participants focused on multiple points and integration.