■■ Both ecological and individual-level factors predict homicide rates. In one study involving 56 countries, homicide was predicted by economic inequality, lower per capita gross national product (GNP), and the ratio of males to females in the society (negatively) on the ecological level. On the individual level, lower trust in fellow citizens, belief in less social complexity and preference for mates of higher status as opposed to love also predicted national homicide rates (Lim, Bond, &

Bond, 2005).