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social science
psychology 2e

Questions and Answers of Psychology 2e

If you were suffering from neurological problems and your neurologist wanted to have a study done of your brain and its electrical functioning, which of the following techniques would be most
Dr. Roll is conducting a research study. She wants to measure the connectivity in the research participants’ brains by imaging their white matter. Which of the following methods will she use?a.
Which of the following techniques analyzes blood oxygen levels to look at the functioning of the brain?a. CTb. EEGc. fMRId. PET
Which of the following techniques involves passing a mild current through the brain to activate certain structures without damaging them?a. magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)b. electroconvulsive
Part of the human immune system is the presence of _________ cells, whose primary function is to suppress viruses and destroy tumor cellsa. leukotrieneb. histaminec. natural killer (NK)d. blastocyst
Of the following, which is NOT one of the stages of the general adaptation syndrome?a. resistanceb. exhaustionc. compensationd. alarm
Your friend Melissa has suffered from diabetes for her entire life. She regularly tests her blood to make sure her sugar levels are not too high or low. Which gland in her endocrine system is
Although oxytocin has been tied to a variety of prosocial behaviors such as “love” and “trust,” some researchers believe that in humans, it may actually work to increase _________.a. the
Which of the following would be active if you have just had an automobile accident?a. motor divisionb. parasympathetic divisionc. somatic divisiond. sympathetic division
Yvonne’s ability to reach for and pick up her book is largely due to the functions of the _____________ pathway of the _____________ nervous system.a. motor; somaticb. sensory; somaticc. autonomic;
The neurons of the sensory pathway containa. both efferent and afferent neuronsb. efferent neurons.c. afferent neurons.d. voluntary muscle fibers.
What is the process whereby the structure and function of brain cells change in response to trauma, damage, or even learning?a. neuroplasticityb. shallow lesioningc. deep lesioningd. cell regeneration
If you touch a hot stove, your spinal cord can prompt you to withdraw your hand without having to send the message all the way to the brain. This is due toa. the reflex arc.b. neuroplasticity.c. the
Which of the following is associated with pain relief?a. endorphinsb. acetylcholinec. glutamated. serotonin
The venom of a black widow spider acts as a(n) __________ by mimicking the effects of acetylcholine.a. agonistb. protagonistc. antagonistd. glial cell
Neurotransmitters must pass from an axon terminal to the next dendrite by crossing a fluid-filled space called thea. synapse.b. neuron.c. reuptake inhibitor.d. glial cell.
When a neuron’s resting potential is occurring, the neuron is __________ charged on the inside.a. both positively and negativelyb. positivelyc. negativelyd. neutrally
Which one of the following is NOT a function of glial cells?a. getting nutrients to the neuronsb. generating action potentialsc. cleaning up the remains of dead neuronsd. generating myelin
Which part of the neuron carries messages to other cells?a. dendriteb. axonc. somad. myelin
Identify some potential causes of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
Explain how some brain functions differ between the left and right hemispheres.
Name the parts of the cortex responsible for higher forms of thought, such as language.
Identify the parts of the cortex that process the different senses and those that control movement of the body.
Identify the structures of the brain involved in emotion, learning, memory, and motivation.
Identify the different structures of the hindbrain and the function of each.
Compare and contrast neuroimaging techniques for mapping the brain’s structure and function.
Describe how lesioning studies and brain stimulation are used to study the brain.
Describe how the autonomic nervous system and body are impacted by stress.
Recall the role of various endocrine glands.
Explain why the pituitary gland is known as the “master gland.”
Differentiate the roles of the somatic and autonomic nervous systems.
Describe how the components of the central nervous system interact and how they may respond to experience or injury.
Describe how neurons use neurotransmitters to communicate with each other and with the body.
Explain the action potential.
Identify the parts of a neuron and describe the function of each.
A famous golfer advertises a new golf bracelet that helps minimize fatigue while playing. If Bethany decides to order the bracelet because she believes that such a well-known personality should know
Dr. Calvin needs just one more participant to complete her experiment. Lisa, a student of Dr. Calvin, has almost completed the experiment when she announces she wants to quit because the experiment
In the stereotypes-and-athletes study, who was the control group?a. those students who did not take part in the study at allb. those students who completed the survey prior to the intelligence testc.
Double-blind studies control fora. the placebo effect and the experimenter effect.b. the placebo effect.c. the experimenter effect.d. extrinsic motivation.
A researcher asks an assistant to conduct a study on her behalf.She specifically tells her assistant only to share the results anonymously and not include the names of the students along with their
A researcher wants to study the effects of texting on driving.Students in Group A drive a car in a computer game and see how many virtual accidents they have. Students in Group B are asked to drive
A researcher finds that as her subjects increased the number of hours they spent exercising, the overall weight of her subjects decreased. This would be an example of a ________ correlation.a.
The famous study of Phineas Gage, who survived when a metal rod pierced his skull, is an example of aa. survey.b. laboratory experiment.c. correlation.d. case study.
Brianne wants to find an explanation for the behavior of her lab rats in her study. Which step in the scientific approach is she currently focusing on?a. testing a hypothesisb. perceiving the
Which step in the scientific approach is derived from the goal of description?a. drawing conclusionsb. reporting your resultsc. perceiving a questiond. forming a hypothesis
A psychologist is interested in finding out why married couples seemingly begin to look like each other after several years of marriage. This psychologist is most interested in the goal ofa.
Micah has recently been diagnosed with a psychological disorder that is best addressed initially with medication. He would likely benefit the most by first seeing a ________.a. psychiatristb.
Dr. Colton identifies himself with the largest subfield of psychology.What kind of psychologist is he?a. clinicalb. counselingc. schoold. experimental
If Dr. Byers uses an eclectic approach in her clinical treatment of children, what is it that she is doing?a. She is using a combination of perspectives to treat different clients.b. She is relying
Which perspective best explains the bystander effect whereby individuals will be less likely to help someone in need because of the presence of others close by?a. socioculturalb. psychoanalysisc.
Which perspective is often referred to as the “third force” in psychology and focuses on a person’s freedom of choice in determining their behavior?a. biopsychological perspectiveb. humanismc.
Which psychologist dared to ignore the whole consciousness issue and return to a study of scientific inquiry by focusing on observable behavior?a. Sigmund Freudb. Ivan Pavlovc. John Watsond. William
Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalysis focused ona. early childhood experiences.b. observable behavior.c. Gestalt perceptions.d. introspection.
Who is considered to be the father of African American psychology?a. Francis Cecil Sumnerb. Charles Henry Thompsonc. Robert V. Guthried. Howard Hale Long
In the definition of psychology, the term behavior meansa. only animal behavior.b. internal, covert processes.c. outward behavior.d. overt actions and reactions.
Which of the following is an ethical consideration when using animals in research?a. Animals cannot be killed during the course of an experiment.b. Avoiding exposing them to unnecessary pain.c.
What is the biggest reason we use animals in research?a. Animals have simple behavior that makes it easy to see changes.b. We can do things to animals that we can’t do to people.c. Animals don’t
What happens when the results of a study create an undesirable outcome for the participant?a. The researcher must find some way of helping the participant deal with the negative impact.b. The
What is the first guideline for doing research with people?a. The rights and well-being of the participants must come first.b. Participants have to give informed consent.c. Deception cannot be used
In a _______ study, the participants do not know if they are part of the control group or the experimental group. Only the experimenter knows who is in each group.a. double-blindb. placeboc.
In an experiment to examine the effects of sleep deprivation on completion of a puzzle, one group is allowed to sleep 8 hours while another group is made to stay awake. In this experiment, the
Which of the following would indicate the weakest relationship and thus be close to complete randomness?a. +0.01b. +1.04c. -0.89d. -0.98
The main advantage of a survey is thata. the chance of experimenter error is removed.b. only a small number of subjects need to be accessed.c. a large amount of data can be gathered.d. subjects will
Which of the following is an example of observer bias?a. You ask your fellow students to be participants in a study of adult memory.b. You develop an opinion of what you expect to see in an
Dr. White noticed something odd happening to the behavior of his students as midterm exams neared. He decided to take notes about this behavior to find out exactly what was happening and the
If Dr. Swasey is like most psychologists, where does she probably work?a. university/collegeb. self-employedc. federal governmentd. state or local government
Which of the following professionals in psychology has a doctoral degree, but not in medicine?a. psychiatric nurseb. psychiatristc. psychologistd. psychiatric social worker
Which perspective would a researcher be taking if she were studying a client’s early childhood experiences and his resulting development of self?a. evolutionaryb. cognitivec. behaviorald.
Wesley has learned that if he cries with his mother in public, she will often get him a new toy or a piece of candy to quiet him. Which of the following perspectives explains Wesley’s behavior?a.
Which perspective offers the best explanation for schizophrenia?a. biopsychologicalb. psychodynamicc. behaviorald. humanistic
Which of the following perspectives focuses on the biological bases of universal mental characteristics?a. humanisticb. evolutionaryc. behaviorald. psychodynamic
Which early perspective tried to return to a focus on scientific inquiry by ignoring the study of consciousness?a. psychoanalysisb. functionalismc. behaviorismd. Gestalt
Who was the first woman to complete the coursework for a doctorate at Harvard University?a. Mary Whiton Calkinsb. Mary Cover Jonesc. Margaret Washburnd. Ruth Howard
Which of the following early psychologists would have been most likely to agree with the statement, “The study of the mind should focus on how it functions in everyday life”?a. Sigmund Freudb.
Which early psychologist was the first to try to bring objectivity and measurement to the concept of psychology?a. William Jamesb. Wilhelm Wundtc. John Watsond. Sigmund Freud
In the definition of psychology, mental processes meansa. internal, covert processes.b. unconscious processes.c. outward or overt actions and reactions.d. only human behavior.
Recall the basic criteria for critical thinking that people can use in their everyday lives.
Explain why psychologists sometimes use animals in their research.
Identify some of the common ethical guidelines for doing research with people.
Recall two common sources of problems in an experiment and some ways to control for these effects.
Identify the steps involved in designing an experiment.
Explain how researchers use the correlational technique to study relationships between two or more variables.
Compare and contrast some of the methods used to describe behavior.
Recall the five steps of the scientific approach.
Differentiate between the various types of professionals within the field of psychology.
Summarize the basic ideas behind the seven modern perspectives in psychology.
Summarize the basic ideas and the important people behind the early approaches known as Gestalt, psychoanalysis, and behaviorism.
Describe the contributions of some of the early pioneers in psychology.
Keela has finished a draft of her research paper almost 2 weeks before the date it is due. What should she do now?a. Let it sit for a few days before reviewing it.b. Complete the final draft
What is one of the most common mistakes students make when choosing a topic for a research paper?a. The topic is too broad.b. The topic is too narrow.c. The topic is unclear.d. The topic has no
Which mnemonic involves first memorizing a series of numbered words?a. linkingb. peg-wordc. method of locid. verbal/rhythmic organization
Tabitha is stuck on a question while taking her psychology exam.What should she do?a. Stay on that question until she can figure out the answer.b. Go on to the other questions. Maybe she can find a
Your mom wants you to eat some breakfast before going off to your first psychology exam. What will you tell her?a. No thanks. A big meal will probably put me to sleep.b. Sounds good. Can I have some
What type of question requires that you understand the material so well that you are able to compare and contrast it to other material?a. factualb. appliedc. conceptuald. true/false
Which of the following is not a mistake often made by students when taking notes?a. Taking notes while reading the chapter before going to the lectureb. Highlighting material in the textbook as the
What learning aid gives the student the ability to more effectively read and remember material?a. chapter summariesb. content mapsc. SQ3Rd. practice quizzes
Which of the following is not one of the strategies for defeating procrastination?a. Make a map of long-term goals.b. Use a calendar.c. Stay up all night to finish your task.d. Break big tasks down
Cody learns best whenever he can see things laid out before him.He uses flash cards and concept maps and often tries to redraw charts and figures from memory. What learning method does Cody seem to
In the Josephson Center survey, how many students reported cheating at least once?a. about one fourthb. a little more than halfc. a little more than three fourthsd. The survey found no reported
Michael is writing a paper for psychology. One of his sources is a text in which the following statement appears: When a deeply depressed mood comes on fairly suddenly and either seems to be too

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