(a) Explain the notions of testing within and testing without (outside) the boundaries of a statistical model in relation to Neyman–Pearson (N-P) and misspecification (M-S)

testing.

(b) Specify the generic form of the null and alternative hypotheses in M-S testing for a statistical modelMθ (z) and compare it with that of the archetypal N-P test.

(c) Using your answers in

(a) and

(b) explain why M-S testing is vulnerable to both the fallacies of acceptance and rejection.

(d) Explain why type II error is more serious in M-S testing as opposed to N-P testing.