10. Physical Fitness Researchers assessed the cardiorespiratory fitness levels in youth aged 12 to 19 years, using estimated maximum oxygen uptake (VO ) 2max to measure a person’s cardiorespiratory level.7 The data that follow are based on that study, and involve the relationship between levels of physical activity (more than others, same as others, or less than others) and gender on VO_2max.

a. Is this a factorial experiment or a randomized block design? Explain.

b. Is there a significant interaction between levels of physical activity and gender? Are there significant differences between males and females? Levels of physical activity?

c. If the interaction is significant, use Tukey’s pairwise procedure to investigate differences among the six cell means. Comment on the results found using this procedure. Use  5.05.

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Physical Activity More Same Less Males 50.1 45.7 40.9 47.2 44.2 41.3 49.7 46.8 39.2 50.4 44.9 40.9 Females 41.2 37.2 36.5 39.8 39.4 35.0 41.5 38.6 37.2 38.2 37.8 35.4