10.66 Death penalty in Kentucky A study of the death penalty in Kentucky reported the results shown in the table. (Source:

Data from T. Keil and G. Vito, Amer. J. Criminal Justice, vol. 20, 1995, pp. 17–36.)

a. Find and compare the percentage of white defendants with the percentage of black defendants who received the death penalty, when the victim was (i) white and

(ii) black.

b. In the analysis in part

a, identify the response variable, explanatory variable, and control variable.

c. Construct the summary 2 * 2 table that ignores, rather than controls, victim’s race. Compare the overall percentages of white defendants and black defendants who got the death penalty (ignoring, rather than controlling, victim’s race). Compare to part a.

d. Do these data satisfy Simpson’s paradox? If not, explain why not. If so, explain what is responsible for Simpson’s paradox occurring.

e. Explain, without doing the calculations, how you could inferentially compare the proportions of white and black defendants who get the death penalty (i) ignoring victim’s race and (ii) controlling for victim’s race.
Victim’s Race Defendant’s Race Death Penalty Yes No Total White White 31 360 391 Black 7 50 57 Black White 0 18 18 Black 2 106 108