11.8 Lung cancer and smoking In a study conducted by a pharmaceutical company, 605 out of 790 smokers and 122 out of 434 nonsmokers were diagnosed with lung cancer.

a. Construct a 2 * 2 contingency table relating smoking

(SMOKING, categories smoker and nonsmoker) as the rows to lung cancer (LUNGCANCER, categories present and absent) as the columns.

b. Find the four expected cell counts when assuming independence.

Compare them to the observed cell counts, identifying cells having more observations than expected.

c. For this data, X2 = 272.89. Verify this value by plugging into the formula for X2 and computing the sum.