C2. The following cross-tabulation, based on GSS18SSDS-B data, examines the relationship between age (the independent variable) and presidential candidate one voted for in the 2016 U.S. presidential election (dependent variable). Notice we have recoded age into four categories: 18–29, 30–39, 40–49, and 50–59. Respondents of all other ages have been excluded from the analysis.

1. W hic h

is th e independent variable?

2. What is the level of measurement for the independent variable and the dependent variable?

3. How would you describe the relationship between the two variables? Use percentages in your answer.