Task 3: I was interested in whether students’ knowledge of different aspects of psychology improved throughout their degree. I took a sample of first years, second years and third years and gave them five tests

(scored out of 15) representing different aspects of psychology: exper

(experimental psychology, such as cognitive and neuropsychology); stats

(statistics); social (social psychology); develop (developmental psychology); person (personality). Your task is to: (1) carry out an appropriate general analysis to determine whether there are overall group differences along these five measures; (2) look at the scale-by-scale analyses of group differences produced in the output and interpret the results accordingly; (3) select contrasts that test the hypothesis that second and third years will score higher than first years on all scales; (4)

select tests that compare all groups to each other and briefly compare these results with the contrasts; and (5) carry out a separate analysis in which you test whether a combination of the measures can successfully discriminate the groups (comment only briefly on this analysis). Include only those scales that revealed group differences for the contrasts. How do the results help you to explain the findings of your initial analysis?

The data are in the file psychology.dat.