If a Wilcoxon test shows that t = 3 with an associated probability of 0.02, this means:

(a) Assuming the null hypothesis to be true, a t-value of 3 would occur 2% of the time through sampling variation

(b) We are 98% certain that our results are statistically signifi cant

(c) Given our data, we expect to fi nd a t-value of 3 occurring 2% of the time through chance

(d) If the null hypothesis is not true, then a t-value of 3 would occur 2% of the time through sampling variation