Physician Specialty. According to the document Physician Specialty Data Book, published by the Association of American Medical Colleges, in 2010, 12.9% of active male physicians specialized in internal medicine and 15.3% of active female physicians specialized in internal medicine. Does an association exist between the variables

“gender” and “specialty” for active physicians in 2010? Explain your answer.

Applying the Concepts and Skills Table 13.11 provides data on gender, class level, and college for the students in one section of the course Introduction to Computer Science during one semester at Arizona State University. In the table, we use the abbreviations BUS for Business, ENG for Engineering and Applied Sciences, and LIB for Liberal Arts and Sciences.

TABLE 13.11 Gender, class level, and college for students in Introduction to Computer Science Gender Class College Gender Class College M Junior ENG F Soph BUS M Soph ENG F Junior ENG F Senior BUS M Junior LIB F Junior BUS F Junior BUS M Junior ENG M Soph BUS F Junior LIB M Junior BUS M Senior LIB M Soph ENG M Soph ENG M Junior ENG M Junior ENG M Junior ENG M Soph ENG M Soph LIB F Soph BUS F Senior ENG F Junior BUS F Senior BUS M Junior ENG In Exercises 13.42–13.44, use the data in Table 13.11.