You are studying a new screening instrument and determine the following after screening 135 people. Of the 60 individuals who are known to have the disease, 58 screen positive. One person without the disease screens positive. Seventy-four people without the disease screen negative. Which of the following statements is true?
a. The disease has a negatively correlated attack rate of 44%.
b. Each additional exposure is likely to be associated with a sevenfold increase in your outcome variable.
c. The efficiency of the screen is approximately 88%.
d. If a person screens positive, there is a 97% chance that he or she actually has the disease.