You are studying a new screening instrument and determine the following after screening 135 people. Of the 60 individuals who are known to have the disease, 58 screen positive. One person without the disease screens positive. Seventy-four people without the disease screen negative. Which of the following statements is true?
a. The specificity of the screen is higher than the sensitivity of the screen.
b. Each additional exposure is likely to be associated with a 10-fold increase in your outcome variable.
c. If the person screens negative, there is a 79% chance that he or she does not have the disease.
d. If a person screens positive, there is a 77% chance that he or she actually has the disease.