ForindictmentsincaseswithmultiplemurdersinFloridaduringa12-yearperiod,thedeath penaltywasgivenin53of467casesinwhichaWhitekilledaWhite,in0of16casesinwhich a WhitekilledaBlack,in11of48casesinwhichaBlackkilledaWhite,andin4of143cases in whichaBlackkilledaBlack.24

(a) Constructthethree-waycontingencytablerelating y = death penaltyverdictto d = defendant’sraceand v = victim’s race.ComparethepercentagesofBlacksandWhites getting thedeathpenalty,bothmarginallyandconditionallyonthecategoryof v. Explain what causesthemarginalassociationtohavedifferentdirectionfromtheconditional association(thephenomenoncalled Simpson’sparadox).

(b) Constructadatafileanduselogisticregressiontomodeltheeffectsof d and v on y.
Interprettheeffectestimatefordefendant’srace.