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statistics informed decisions using data

Questions and Answers of Statistics Informed Decisions Using Data

SOC The scores on four variables for 20 individuals are reported below: hours of TV (average number of hours of TV viewing each day), occupational prestige (higher scores indicate greater prestige),
Problem 14.8 presented per capita expenditures on education for 15 states, along with rank on income per capita and the percentage of the population that has graduated from high school.The data are
SW Twelve families have been referred to a counselor, and she has rated each of them on a cohesiveness scale. Also, she has information on family income and number of children currently living at
PS Problem 14.4 presented data on 10 precincts.The information is reproduced here.Precinct Percent Democrat Percent Minority Voter Turnout A 50 10 56 B 45 12 55 C 56 8 52 D 78 15 60 E 13 5 89 F 85 20
SOC/CJ In Problem 14.5, crime and population data were presented for each of 10 states. The data are reproduced here.Take the three crime variables as the dependent variables (one at a time) and do
SOC Data on civil strife (number of incidents), unemployment, and urbanization have been gathered for 10 nations. Take civil strife as the dependent variable. Compute the zero-order correlations
SOC A scale measuring support for increases in the national defense budget has been administered to a sample. The respondents have also been asked to indicate how many years of school they have
and see Section 15.2.)b. Compute the partial correlation coeffi cient for the relationship between turnout (Y ) and negative advertising (X ) while controlling for the effect of unemployment (Z ).
PS In Problem 14.1 data regarding voter turnout in fi ve cities were presented. For the sake of convenience, the data for three of the variables are presented again here along with descriptive
SOC Fifteen individuals were selected from a nationally representative sample, and their scores on fi ve variables are reproduced below. Is there a relationship between occupational prestige and age?
SOC The table below presents the scores of 15 states on three variables. Compute r and r 2 for each combination of variables. Write a paragraph interpreting the relationship among these three
SOC The basketball coach at a small local college believes that his team plays better and scores more points in front of larger crowds. The number of points scored and attendance for all home games
Data on three variables have been collected for 15 nations as of 2007. The variables are fertility rate (average number of children born to each woman), average life expectancy for females, and
SOC/CJ The table below presents the scores of 10 states on each of six variables: three measures of criminal activity and three measures of population structure. Crime rates are number of incidents
PS The variables below were collected for a random sample of 10 precincts during the last national election. Draw scattergrams and compute r and r 2 for each combination of variables.Write a
GER The residents of a housing development for senior citizens have completed a survey in which they indicated how physically active they are and how many visitors they receive each week. Are these
SOC Occupational prestige scores for a sample of fathers and their oldest son and oldest daughter are shown in the table.Family Father’s Prestige Son’s Prestige Daughter’s Prestige A 80 85 82 B
PS Why does voter turnout vary from election to election? For municipal elections in fi ve different cities, information has been gathered on the percentage of registered voters who actually voted,
Twenty ethnic, racial, or national groups were rated by a random sample of white and black students on a social distance scale. Lower scores represent less social distance and less prejudice. How
SOC Below are the scores of a sample of 15 nations on a measure of ethnic diversity(the higher the number, the greater the diversity) and a measure of economic inequality(the higher the score, the
SW Several years ago, a job-training program began, and a team of social workers screened the candidates for suitability for employment.Now the screening process is being evaluated, and the actual
SOC A random sample of 11 neighborhoods in Shinbone, Kansas, has been rated by an urban sociologist on a quality-of-life scale (which includes measures of affl uence, availability of medical care,
The tables below test the relationship between income and a set of dependent variables. For each table, calculate percentages and gamma.Describe the strength and direction of each relationship in a
SOC In a recent survey, a random sample of respondents was asked to indicate how happy they were with their situations in life. Are their responses related to income level? Describe the strength and
SOC Are prejudice and level of education related? State your conclusion in a few sentences.Level of Education Prejudice Elementary School High School Some College College Graduate Totals Low 48 50 61
SW A sample of children has been observed and rated for symptoms of depression. Their parents have been rated for authoritarianism. Is there any relationship between these variables? Write a few
PA All applicants for municipal jobs in Shinbone, Kansas, are given an aptitude test, but the test has never been evaluated to see if test scores are in any way related to job performance. The
Is there a relationship between education and support for women in the paid labor force? Is the relationship between the variables different for different nations? The World Values Survey has been
SOC Some research has shown that families vary by how they socialize their children to sports, games, and other leisure-time activities.In middle-class families, such activities are carefully
CJ A random sample of 150 cities has been classifi ed as small, medium, or large by population and as high or low on crime rate. Is there a relationship between city size and crime rate?City Size
SOC A small sample of non-English-speaking immigrants to the United States has been interviewed about their level of assimilation. Is the pattern of adjustment affected by length of residence in the
SOC Below are fi ve dependent variables crosstabulated against gender as an independent variable. Use column percentages, the maximum difference, and an appropriate measure of association to analyze
SOC A researcher has conducted a survey on sexual attitudes for a sample of 317 teenagers.The respondents were asked whether they considered premarital sex to be “always wrong” or“OK under
GER A survey of senior citizens who live in either a housing development specifi cally designed for retirees or an age-integrated neighborhood has been conducted. Is type of living arrangement
CJ About half the neighborhoods in a large city have instituted programs to increase citizen involvement in crime prevention. Do these areas experience less crime? Write a few sentences describing
SW As the state director of mental health programs, you note that some local mental health facilities have very high rates of staff turnover. You believe that part of this problem is a result of the
SOC A needs assessment survey has been distributed in a large retirement community. Residents were asked to check off the services or programs they thought should be added. Use column percentages,
PS How consistent are people in their voting habits? Do people vote for the same party from election to election? Below are the results of a poll in which people were asked if they had voted Democrat
SOC The administration of a local college campus has proposed an increase in the mandatory student fee in order to fi nance an upgrading of the intercollegiate football program. A member of the
PA Various supervisors in the city government of Shinbone, Kansas, have been rated on the extent to which they practice authoritarian styles of leadership and decision making. The effi ciency of each
SOC Some results from a survey administered to a nationally representative sample are presented below. For each table, conduct the chi square test of signifi cance and compute column percentages.
SOC Does support for the legalization of marijuana vary by region of the country? The table displays the relationship between the two variables for a random sample of 1,020 adult citizens. Is the
SOC An urban sociologist has built up a database describing a sample of the neighborhoods in her city and has developed a scale by which each area can be rated for the “quality of life”(this
SOC At a large urban college, about half of the students live off campus in various arrangements, and the other half live in dormitories on campus. Is academic performance dependent on living
PS Is there a relationship between political ideology and class standing? Are upper-class students signifi cantly different from underclass students on this variable? The table below reports the
SOC Is there a relationship between length of marriage and satisfaction with marriage? The necessary information has been collected from a random sample of 100 respondents drawn from a local
CJ A local judge has been allowing some individuals convicted of “driving under the infl uence” to work in a hospital emergency room as an alternative to fi nes, suspensions, and other penalties.
SOC The state department of education has rated a sample of local school systems for compliance with state-mandated guidelines for quality. Is the quality of a school system signifi cantly related to
SOC A program of pet therapy has been running at a local nursing home. Are the participants in the program more alert and responsive than nonparticipants? The results, drawn from a random sample of
PS Many analysts have noted a “gender gap” in elections for the U.S. presidency, with women more likely to vote for the Democratic candidate. A sample of university faculty were asked about their
SW A local politician is concerned that a program for the homeless in her city is discriminating against blacks and other minorities. The data below were taken from a random sample of black and white
SOC A sample of 25 cities have been classifi ed as high or low on their homicide rates and on the number of handguns sold within the city limits. Is there a relationship between these two
For each table below, calculate the obtained chi square. (HINT: Calculate the expected frequencies for each cell with Formula 11.2. Double-check to make sure you are using the correct row and column
SOC Does support for suicide (death with dignity) vary by social class? Is this relationship different in different nations? Small samples in three nations were asked if it is ever justifi ed for a
SOC A small random sample of respondents has been selected from the General Social Survey database. Each respondent has been classifi ed as either a city dweller, a suburbanite, or a rural dweller.
SOC Does the rate of voter turnout vary signifi -cantly by the type of election? A random sample of voting precincts displays the following pattern of voter turnout by election type. Assess the
CJ Two separate crime-reduction programs have been implemented in the city of Shinbone. One involves a neighborhood watch program with citizens actively involved in crime prevention. The second
SOC In a local community, a random sample of 18 couples has been assessed on a scale that measures the extent to which power and decision making are shared (lower scores) or monopolized by one party
SOC What type of person is most involved in the neighborhood and community? Who is more likely to volunteer for organizations such as PTA, scouts, or Little League? A random sample of 15 people have
Conduct the ANOVA test for each set of scores below. (HINT: Keep track of all sums and means by constructing computational tables like Table 10.3 or 10.4.)a.Category AB C 5 10 12 7 12 16 8 14 18 9 15
SOC Some results from a survey administered to a nationally representative sample are reported below in terms of differences by sex.Which of these differences, if any, are signifi -cant? Write a
CJ The local police chief started a “crimeline”program some years ago and wonders if it’s really working. The program publicizes unsolved violent crimes in the local media and offers cash
SOC At St. Algebra College, the sociology and psychology departments have been feuding for years about the respective quality of their programs. In an attempt to resolve the dispute, you have
SW A large counseling center needs to evaluate several experimental programs. Write a paragraph summarizing the results of these tests. Did the new programs work?a. One program is designed for
CJ About half of the police offi cers in Shinbone, Kansas, have completed a special course in investigative procedures. Has the course increased their effi ciency in clearing crimes by arrest? The
For each problem, test the sample statistics for the signifi cance of the difference. (HINT: In testing proportions, remember to begin with Formula 9.7, then solve Formula 9.8 and 9.9.)
SOC Are senior citizens who live in retirement communities more socially active than those who live in age-integrated communities? Write a sentence or two explaining the results of these tests.(HINT:
SOC Are college students who live in dormitories signifi cantly more involved in campus life than students who commute to campus? The data below report the average number of hours per week students
PA A number of years ago, the fi re department in Shinbone, Kansas, began recruiting minority group members through an affi rmative action program.In terms of effi ciency ratings as compiled by their
SOC Do athletes in different sports vary in terms of intelligence? Below are reported College Board scores of random samples of college basketball and football players. Is there a signifi cant
SOC Gessner and Healey administered questionnaires to samples of undergraduates. Among other things, the questionnaires contained a scale that measured attitudes toward interpersonal violence (higher
For each problem below, test for the signifi -cance of the difference in sample statistics using the fi ve-step model. (HINT: Remember to solve Formula 9.4 for before attempting to solve For mula
PA The city manager of Shinbone has received a complaint from the local union of fi refi ghters to the effect that they are underpaid. Not having much time, the city manager gathers the rec ords of a
SOC/SW A researcher has compiled a fi le of information on a random sample of 317 families in a city that has chronic, long-term patterns of child abuse. Below are reported some of the
CJ A random sample of 113 convicted rapists in a state prison system completed a program designed to change their attitudes toward women, sex, and violence before being released on parole.
GER/CJ A survey shows that 10% of the population is victimized by property crime each year. A random sample of 527 older citizens(65 years or more of age) shows a victimization rate of 14%. Are older
PA Nationally, the per capita property tax is$130. A random sample of 36 southeastern cities average $98 with a standard deviation of $5. Is the difference signifi cant? Summarize your conclusions in
SOC A random sample of 26 local sociology graduates scored an average of 458 on the Graduate Record Examination (GRE) advanced sociology test with a standard deviation of 20. Is this signifi cantly
SOC A school system has assigned several hundred “chronic and severe underachievers” to an alternative educational experience. To assess the program, a random sample of 35 has been selected for
SOC A sample of 105 workers in the Overkill Division of the Machismo Toy Factory earns an average of $24,375 per year. The average salary for all workers is $24,230 with a standard deviation of $523.
SOC A random sample of 423 Chinese Americans has fi nished an average of 12.7 years of formal education with a standard deviation of 1.7. Is this signifi cantly different from the national average of
SOC Nationally, the average score on the college entrance exams (verbal test) is 453 with a standard deviation of 95. A random sample of 152 freshmen entering St. Algebra College shows a mean score
SWa. Nationally, social workers average 10.2 years of experience. In a random sample, 203 social workers in greater metropolitan Shinbone average only 8.7 years with a standard deviation of 0.52. Are
SOCa. The student body at St. Algebra College attends an average of 3.3 parties per month.A random sample of 117 sociology majors averages 3.8 parties per month with a standard deviation of 0.53. Are
a. For each situation, fi nd Z(critical).Alpha Form Z(Critical) 0.05 One-tailed 0.10 Two-tailed 0.06 Two-taile 0.01 One-tailed 0.02 Two-tailedb. For each situation, fi nd the critical t score.Alpha
SOC The results listed below are from a survey given to a random sample of the American public.For each sample statistic, construct a confi dence interval estimate of the population parameter at the
SOC The World Values Survey (http://www.worldvaluessurvey.org/) is administered periodically to random samples from societies around the globe. Listed below are the number of respondents in each
For each of the three sample sizes below, construct the 95% confi dence interval. Use a sample proportion of 0.40 throughout. What happens to interval width as sample size increases? Why?Ps = 0.40
For the sample data below, construct four different interval estimates of the population mean, one each for the 90%, 95%, 99%, and 99.9% level.What happens to the interval width as confi dence level
SW A random sample of 100 patients who had been treated in a program for alcoholism and drug dependency over the past 10 years was selected. It was determined that 53 of the patients had been
PA A random sample of 324 residents of a community revealed that 30% were very satisfi ed with the quality of trash collection. At the 99% level, what is your estimate of the population value?
CJ A random sample of 500 residents of Shinbone, Kansas, shows that exactly 50 of the respondents had been the victims of violent crime over the past year. Estimate the proportion of victims for the
SOC A random sample of 100 television programs contained an average of 2.37 acts of physical violence per program. At the 99% level, what is your estimate of the population value?X — 2.37 s 0.30 N
SW You have developed a series of questions to measure burnout in social workers. A random sample of 100 social workers working in greater metropolitan Shinbone, Kansas, has an average score of 10.3,
For each set of sample outcomes below, construct the 99% confi dence interval for estimating P u.a. P s 0.14b. P s 0.37c. P s 0.79 N 100 N 522 N 121d. P s 0.43e. P s 0.40f. P s 0.63 N 1,049 N 548 N
For each set of sample outcomes below, construct the 95% confi dence interval for estimating , the population mean.a. X — 5.2b. X — 100c. X — 20 s 0.7 s 9 s 3 N 157 N 620 N 220d. X — 1,020e.
To be accepted into an honor society, students must have GPAs in the top 10% of the school. If the mean GPA is 2.78 and the standard deviation is 0.33, which of the following GPAs would qualify?a.
SW After taking the state merit examinations for the positions of social worker and employment counselor, you receive the following information on the tests and on your performance. On which of the
SOC On the scale mentioned in Problem 6.7, if a score of 40 or more is considered “highly prejudiced,” what is the probability that a person selected at random will have a score in that range?
SOC At St. Algebra College, the 200 freshmen enrolled in Introductory Biology took a fi nal exam on which their mean score was 72 and their standard deviation was 6. The table below presents the

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