Wildlife: Wolves A random sample of 17 wolf litters in Ontario, Canada, gave an average of x1 5 4.9 wolf pups per litter with estimated sample standard deviation s1 5 1.0. Another random sample of 6 wolf litters in Finland gave an average of x2 5 2.8 wolf pups per litter with sample standard deviation s2 5 1.2 (see source for Problem 5).

(a) Find an 85% confi dence interval for m1  m2, the difference in population mean litter size between Ontario and Finland.

(b) Examine the confi dence interval and explain what it means in the context of this problem. Does the interval consist of numbers that are all positive?

all negative? of different signs? At the 85% level of confi dence, does it appear that the average litter size of wolf pups in Ontario is greater than the average litter size in Finland?

(c) Test the claim that the average litter size of wolf pups in Ontario is greater than the average litter size of wolf pups in Finland. Use a 5 0.01.