A neuroscience laboratory run by a friend of mine studied avoidance behavior in rabbits for many years and published numerous papers on the topic. It is clear from this research that the mean response latency for a particular task is 5.8 seconds with a standard deviation of 2 seconds (based on a very large number of rabbits). Now another investigator wants to create lesions in certain areas of the amygdala and demonstrate poorer avoidance conditioning in those animals. (The amygdala is associated with emotion, and if you reduce an emotional response you would be expected to reduce avoidance behavior.) She expects latencies to decrease by about 1 second (i.e., rabbits will repeat the punished response sooner), and she plans to run a one-sample test (with ).

(a) How many subjects does she need in order to have at least a 50:50 chance of success?

(b) How many subjects does she need in order to have at least an 80:20 chance of success?