An electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) can be used to determine if a protein binds to a

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An electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) can be used to determine if a protein binds to a segment of DNA. When a segment of DNA is bound by a protein, its mobility will be slowed down, and the DNA band will be shifted to a place that is higher in the gel. An EMSA is conducted with a cloned gene fragment that is 750 bp in length and contains a regulatory element that is recognized by a transcription factor called protein X. The results are shown below. Previous experiments showed that the presence of hormone X results in transcriptional activation by protein X.

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Explain the action of hormone X.

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