Using LP OPF with PowerWorld Simulator case Example 12.11, plot the variation in the bus 5 marginal price as the Load Scalar is increased from 1.0 in steps of 0.02 . What is the maximum possible load scalar without overloading any transmission line? Why is it impossible to operate without violations above this value?

Data From Example 12.11:-

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PowerWorld Simulator case Example 12_11 duplicates the five-bus case from Example 12.8, except that the case will be solved using PowerWorld Simu- lator's LP OPF algorithm (see Figure 12.18). To turn on the OPF option, first select Case Information, Aggregution, Areas..., and toggle the AGC Status field to OPF. Finally, rather than solving the case with the "Single Solution"> button, select Add-ons, Primal LP to solve using the LP OPF. Initially the OPF solution matches the ED solution from Example 12.8 since there are no overloaded lines. The green-colored fields immediately to the right of the buses show the marginal cost of supplying electricity to each bus in the system (i.e., the bus LMPs). With the system initially unconstrained, the bus marginal prices are all identical at $14.53/MWh, with a Load Scalar of 1.0. Now increase the Load Scalar field from 1.00 to the maximum economic loading value, determined to be 1.67 in Example 12.8, and again select Add- ons, Primal LP. The bus marginal prices are still all identical, now at a value of $17.52/MWh, with the line from bus 2 to 5 just reaching its maximum