1. Mr. Herbert Kause convincingly argued last month that pregnant women should restrict their intake of caffeine. According to studies he conducted over the past six years, he has found strong evidence that supports the conclusion that caffeine is dangerous to unborn children. Using Evidence. The following passages help illustrate correct and incorrect uses of evidence. For each passage, try to identify the primary weaknesses by applying the following criteria as discussed in this chapter.

Tests of Evidence. Apply each of the following tests to the passages:

Reliability Evidence should be drawn from sources that have proven to be correct many times in the past.

Expertise Evidence should be drawn from sources having a background of knowledge in relevant information.

Objectivity Evidence should be taken from sources who hold a fair and undistorted view on a question or issue.

Consistency Evidence should agree with other sources and should be consistent with itself.

Recency Evidence should be based on the most current information available.

Relevance The facts and evidence presented should be relevant to the claim that is made.

Access Evidence should be drawn from sources who have observed firsthand the matter being disputed.

Now, here is the evidence to be evaluated.