The following table provides statistics on federal research and development expenditures (U.S. Census Bureau, 2013, Table 815). Study the table, and then perform the following tasks:

a. Create two different graphics, each of which compares federal R&D funding in 2011 and 2012.

b. Create two different graphics, each of which compares defense and nondefense R&D funding in either 2011 or 2012.

Transcribed Image Text:

Table 815. Federal Research and Development (R&D) by Federal Agency: Fiscal Year 2011 and 2012 [In millions of dollars (144,368 represents $144,368,000,000). For fiscal years ending September 30. R&D refers to actual research and development activities as well as R&D facilities. R&D facilities (also known as R&D plants) includes construction, repair, or alteration of physical plant used in the conduct of R&D. Based on Office of Management and Budget data] Federal agency Total research and development... Defense R&D. Nondefense R&D.. 2011 144,368 83,193 61,176 2012 140,565 Federal agency 2011 2012 78,745 Department of Veterans Affairs.. 61,820 Department of Homeland Security. Department of Transportation.. 1,160 1,164 760 617 954 945 Department of Defense.. 79,112 74,464 Department of Interior.. 757 796 Science and technology. 12,751 13,530 U.S. Geological Survey.. 640 675 All other Department of Defense R&D.. 66,361 60,935 Environmental Protection Agency.. 582 568 Health and Human Services... 31,183 31,143 Department of Education... 362 392 National Institute of Health.. 29,831 30,046 Smithsonian... 259 243 All other Health and Human Services R&D. 1,352 Department of Energy.. 10,673 11,019 Atomic Energy Defense. 4,081 4,281 Department of State.. Office of Science.. 4,461 Energy R&D.. 2,131 1,097 International Assistance Programs.. Department of Housing and Urban Development.. 4,463 Nuclear Regulatory Commission.. 2,275 Department of Justice.. 121 121 79 57 75 75 99 83 109 92 NASA National Science Foundation... Department of Agriculture... Department of Commerce.. 9,099 9,399 Social Security Administration. 42 8 5,494 5,614 U.S. Postal Service.. 14 14 2,135 1,217 2,331 Tennessee Valley Authority. 1,263 Army Corps of Engineers.. 18 11 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.... National Institute of Standards and Technology... 629 581 Telecommunications Development Agency...... 532 555 Department of Labor... Source: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), AAAS Report XXXVI: Research and Development FY2013, annual (copyright). See also . 4 4