Female Australian redback spiders, Latrodectus hasselti, are about 50 times larger than males and often eat the males during mating. This might sound like a horrible accident, but males could gain some indirect advantage by being cannibalized in this way. Perhaps a female is more likely to accept the sperm of a male that she has eaten than that of a male that has escaped. Researchers watched the mating behavior of 32 virgin female redback spiders, recording whether each female ate her first mate and then whether she rejected advances from a second male later placed in her vicinity (Andrade 1996). The results were as follows:

a. How does cannibalism affect the odds that the second male is accepted?

b. What method would you use to test the association between these two variables? Why?

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2nd male accepted 2 nd male accepted 2nd male rejected2 nd male rejected 1st male eaten 33 66 1st male escapes 2222 11