Fiddler crabs are so called because males have a greatly enlarged “major” claw, which is used to attract females and to defend a burrow. Darnell and Munguia (2011) recently suggested that this appendage might also act as a heat sink, keeping males cooler while out of the burrow on hot days. To test this, they placed four groups of crabs into separate plastic cups and supplied a source of radiant heat (60-watt light bulb) from above. The four groups were intact male crabs; male crabs with the major claw removed; male crabs with the other (minor) claw removed (control); and intact female fiddler crabs. They measured body temperature of crabs every 10 minutes for 1.5 hours. These measurements were used to calculate a rate of heat gain for every individual crab in degrees C/log minute. Rates of heat gain for all crabs are provided below.

a. Show these data in a graph. What trends are suggested?

b. Use ANOVA to test whether mean rate of heat gain differs among groups.

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Female: 1.9.1.9, 1.6,1.6, 1.4,1.4, 1.1,1.1, 1.6,1.6, 1.8,1.8, 1.9.1.9, 1.7.1.7, 1.5,1.5, 1.8,1.8, 1.7,1.7, 1.7, 1.7, 1.8,1.8, 1.7,1.7, 1.8.1.8, 2.0,2.0, 1.8.1.8, 1.7.1.7, 1.6,1.6, 1.6,1.6, 1.51.5 Intact male: 1.9.1.9, 1.2.1.2, 1.0,1.0, 0.9,0.9, 1.4.1.4, 1.0,1.0, 1.3,1.3, 1.4,1.4, 1.1.1.1, 1.0,1.0, 1.4,1.4, 1.2.1.2, 1.4,1.4, 1.4,1.4, 1.5,1.5, 1.5,1.5, 1.1,1.1, 1.4,1.4, 1.3,1.3, 1.3,1.3, 1.31.3 Male minor removed: 1.2.1.2, 1.0,1.0, 0.9.0.9, 0.8.0.8, 1.2.1.2, 0.9.0.9, 1.1.1.1, 1.1.1.1, 1.3.1.3, 1.3, 1.3, 1.3.1.3, 1.1.1.1, 1.4.1.4, 1.5,1.5, 1.4,1.4, 1.4,1.4, 1.2.1.2, 1.4,1.4, 1.3.1.3, 1.2.1.2, 1.41.4 Male major removed: 1.2.1.2, 0.9,0.9, 1.4,1.4, 1.2.1.2, 1.2.1.2, 1.6,1.6, 1.9,1.9, 1.4,1.4, 1.4,1.4, 1.4, 1.4, 1.6,1.6, 1.4,1.4, 1.7,1.7, 1.3.1.3, 1.5,1.5, 1.2.1.2, 1.3,1.3, 1.6,1.6, 1.5,1.5, 1.5,1.5, 1.51.5