The accompanying bar graph gives the relative frequency of letters in texts from the English language. Such charts are useful for deciphering simple codes.

a. If a letter were chosen at random from a book written in normal English, estimate by eye (and a bit of calculation) the probability that it is a vowel (i.e., A, E, I, O, or U).

b. Estimate by eye the probability that five letters chosen independently and at random from an English text would spell out (in order) “S-T-A-T-S.”

c. Estimate by eye the probability that two letters chosen at random from an English text are both E’s.

Transcribed Image Text:

0.15 0.10- 0.05 0 ....... a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z Letter