The Cook pine tree is native to New Caledonia but has been planted as an ornamental in many countries. The trees tend to lean to one side as they grow. Johns et al. (2017) measured the tilt in 256 individual trees around the world. They found that 233 trees leaned toward the equator (in the Northern Hemisphere they lean south, and in the Southern Hemisphere they lean north), whereas 23 leaned away from the equator.

a. What is the best estimate of the proportion of Cook pine trees that lean toward the equator?

b. What is the standard error of the estimate? What does this quantity measure?

c. What is the 95% confidence interval for the proportion of trees leaning toward the equator?

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MIFFA HAT