Glass is a mixture of several compounds, but a major constituent of most glass is calcium silicate, CaSiO₃. Glass can be etched by treatment with hydrofluoric acid; HF attacks the calcium silicate of the glass, producing gaseous and water-soluble products (which can be removed by washing the glass). For example, the volumetric glassware in chemistry laboratories is often graduated by using this process. Balance the following equation for the reaction of hydrofluoric acid with calcium silicate.

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CaSiO3(s) + HF (aq) CaF₂(aq) + SiF4(g) + H₂O(1)