Very short pulses of high-intensity laser beams are used to repair detached portions of the retina of the eye. The brief pulses of energy absorbed by the retina weld the detached portions back into place. In one such procedure, a laser beam has a wavelength of 810 nm and delivers 250 mW of power spread over a circular spot 510 μm in diameter. The vitreous humor (the transparent fluid that fills most of the eye) has an index of refraction of 1.34.

(a) If the laser pulses are each 1.50 ms long, how much energy is delivered to the retina with each pulse?

(b) What average pressure does the pulse of the laser beam exert on the retina as it is fully absorbed by the circular spot?

(c) What are the wavelength and frequency of the laser light inside the vitreous humor of the eye?

(d) What are the maximum values of the electric and magnetic fields in the laser beam?