Suppose you have just synthesized heptanoic acid from heptan-1-ol. The product is contaminated by sodium dichromate, sulfuric acid, heptan-1-ol, and possibly heptanal. Explain how you would use acid-base extractions to purify the heptanoic acid. Use a chart, like that in Figure 20-3, to show where the impurities are at each stage.
In Figure 20.3

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ether RCOOH phase other other (I) remove ether phase R-COOH (1) remove H20 phase c2) acidify with HCI (aq) RCOO Nat Na OH organics(2) add dilute NaOH (3) add freth ether (or NaHC0) H0 salts, pbase ctc. NaOH lag, R-c-o-Na soluble in HO, but not in ether soluble in ether, but not in H20 soluble in ether, but not in H20O acid and |shake with organicOH and H2O etherorganic shake with ether ether/water etheracid water acid salt ether (acid + impurities) water inorganIc water