The contingency table shows the results of a random sample of students by the location of school and the number of those students achieving basic skill levels in three subjects. At α = 0.01, test the hypothesis that the variables are independent.

Perform the indicated chi-square independence test by doing the following.

(a) Identify the claim and state H₀ and H_a.

(b) Determine the degrees of freedom, find the critical value, and identify the rejection region.

(c) Find the chi-square test statistic. If convenient, use technology.

(d) Decide whether to reject or fail to reject the null hypothesis.

(e) Interpret the decision in the context of the original claim.

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Subject Location of school Reading Math Science Urban Suburban 43 63 42 38 65