Two observables A1 and A2, which do not involve time explicitly, are known not to commute, [A1,

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Two observables A1 and A2, which do not involve time explicitly, are known not to commute, [A1, A3] ≠ 0, yet we also know that A1 and A2 both commute with the Hamiltonian: [A1, H] = 0, [A2, H] = 0. Prove that the energy eigenstates are, in general, degenerate. Are there exceptions? As an example, you may think of the central-force problem H – P2/2m + v(r), with A1 → Lz, A2 → Lx.

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