The in situ moist unit weight of a soil is 17.3 kN/m3 and the moisture content is 16%. The specific gravity of soil solids is 2.72. This soil is to be excavated and transported to a construction site...

Since laboratory or field experiments are generally expensive and time consuming, geotechnical engineers often have to rely on empirical relationships to predict design parameters. Section 6.6...

Refer to Figure 8.18. Given: H1 = 6 m D = 3 m H2 = 1.5 m D1 = 6 m Draw a flow net. Calculate the seepage loss per meter length of the sheet pile (at a right angle to the cross section shown)....

Through 9.3 A soil profile consisting of three layers is shown in Figure 9.25. Calculate the values of (, u, and (' at points A, B, C, and D for the following cases. In each case, plot the variations...

Determine the factor of safety against heave on the downstream side of the single-row sheet pile structure shown in Figure 9.30. Use the following soil and design parameters: H1 = 7 m; H2 = 3 m;...

Using the principles of Mohr's circles for the soil element shown in Figure 10.35, determine the following: a. Maximum and minimum principal stresses b. Normal and shear stresses on plane AB 26 kN/m2...

A soil element is shown in Figure 10.37. Using the pole method, determine: a. Maximum and minimum principal stresses b. Normal and shear stresses on plane AB 85 kN/m2 25 kN/m2 45 kN/m2 25 kN/m2

The following are the results of a consolidation test on a sample of a clayey soil. E Pressure, ' (kN/m2) 1.116........................25 1.108........................50...

Refer to Figure 11.44. Estimate the primary consolidation settlement in the clay layer. Given: ÎÏ = 85 kN/m2; H1 = 2 m; H2 = 4 m; and H3 = 6 m. Soil characteristics are as follows: ¢...

A square footing is shown in Figure 16.19. Determine the gross allowable load, Qall, that the footing can carry. Use Terzaghi's equation for general shear failure (Fs = 3.5). Given: ( = 16 kN/m3,...

Who is responsible for the first recorded rainfall measurements? Describe the technique used to obtain these measurements.

A sketch of the Buffalo Creek Watershed is shown in Fig. 10. Areas A and B are identical in size, shape, slope, and channel length. UHs (1 hr) are provided for natural and fully developed conditions...

For a 55 mi2 watershed with Ct = 2.2, L = 15 mi., Lc = 7 mi., and Cp = 0.5, find tp, Qp, Tb, and D. Plot the resulting Snyder UH.

A sandy loam has initial moisture content of 0.18, hydraulic conductivity of 7.8 mm/hr, and average capillary suction of 100 mm. Rain falls at 2.9 cm/hr, and the final moisture content is measured to...

The following parameters were computed for a stream near Dallas, Texas, for 1940 - 1959 inclusive. The data were transformed to log10Q = y = 3.52 (mean) Sy= 0.50 (standard deviation) Cs = 0.50...

The storage equation has been given as and the continuity equation as Si= KxIi + (1 - x)Oi] And the continuity equation as = + S / t Given that and are the average inflow and outflow within the...

Repeat problem 4.14 using Muskingum routing methods instead of simple lag routing. Discuss the differences between the two storm hydrographs. Use x = 0.2, K = 30 min, and At = 10 min. The hydrographs...

What is a rating curve? How does a loop rating curve occur?

Using the Muskingum method, route the following inflow hydrograph assuming K = 4 hr, x = 0.1, Plot the inflow and outflow hydro graphs for each case assuming initial outflow equals initial inflow....

Flood route the given input hydrograph through a linear reservoir (S = KQ), given K = 2.5 hr and t = 1 hr. Solve one step beyond the peak outflow by developing a simple relation for computing outflow...

A 6 - ac basin is to be developed into 2 ac of commercial development (C = 0.95) and 4 ac of park (C = 0.2), as sketched in Figure P6.19. Using the tabulated IDF information, what should be the...

For the hyetograph of hourly rainfall values shown in Fig. P6.4, determine the number of events corresponding to minimum inter event time (MITs) of 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 hr. What MIT is needed to have...

The moist density of a soil is 1750 kg/m3. Given w = 23% and Gs = 2.73, determine: a. Dry density b. Porosity c. Degree of saturation d. Mass of water, in kg/m3, to be added to reach full saturation.

Undisturbed soil sample was collected from the field in steel Shelby tubes for laboratory evaluation. The tube sample has a diameter of 71 mm, length of 558 mm, and a moist weight of 42.5 10-3 kN....

For an inorganic soil, the following grain-size analysis is given. U.S. Percent Sieve No. passing 4................................100 10................................90...

The relative compaction of a sand in the field is 88%. The maximum and minimum dry unit weights of the sand are 18.55 kN/m3 and 15.41 kN/m3, respectively. Determine: a. Dry unit weight in the field...

The results of a standard Proctor test are given in the following table. a. Determine the maximum dry unit weight of compaction and the optimum moisture content. Given: mold volume = 943.3 cm3. b....

Through 9.14 Figure 9.29 shows the zone of capillary rise within a clay layer above the groundwater table. For the following variables, calculate and plot (, u, and (' with depth. Degree of...

For a sandy soil with Gs = 2.68, calculate the critical hydraulic gradient that will cause boiling or quick condition for e = 0.38, 0.48, 0.6, 0.7, and 0.8. Plot the variation of icr with the void...

Refer to Figure 9.28. What would be the maximum permissible depth of cut before heaving would occur? Psat 1925 kg/m3 10 m 2.5 m s 1840 kg/m Saturated clay Sand

An earth embankment is shown in Figure 10.43. Determine the stress increase at point A due to the embankment load. 10.4 m 9.1 m : Unit weight : 17.6 kN/m? 1.75 1.75 6.8 m

For a laboratory consolidation test on a 25-mm-thick clay specimen (drained on both ends), the following data were obtained: e ' (kN/m2) 0.85..................125 0.71..................250 If the...

A consolidated-undrained triaxial test was conducted on dense sand with a chamber-confining pressure of 138 k N/m2. Results showed that ' = 24 and = 31. Determine the deviator stress and the pore...

The following are the results of four drained direct shear tests on undisturbed normally consolidated clay samples having a diameter of 50 mm. and height of 25 mm. Draw a graph for shear stress at...

Repeat Problem 12.4 with the following data. Given: Specimen diameter = 50 mm; specimen height = 25 mm. Normal force (N) Shear force at fallure (N) Test no. 250 375 450 540 139 209 250 300

The cross section of a braced cut supporting a sheet pile installation in a clay soil is shown in Figure 14.21. Given: H = 8 m, γclay = 19 kN/m3, Ï = 0, c = 42 kN/m2, and the...

A braced wall is shown in Figure 14.19. Given: H = 5.5 m, naH = 2.75 m, Ï' = 40°, δ' = 15°, γ = 15.8 kN / m3, and c' = 0. Determine the active thrust, Pa, on the...

A cut slope is to be made in a saturated clay. Given: The un-drained shear strength, cu = 26 kN/m2 (( = 0 condition), and ( = 18.5 kN/m3. The slope makes an angle, ( = 55 with the horizontal....

Figure 15.48 shows an infinite slope with H = 8.22 m, and the groundwater table coinciding with the ground surface. If there is seepage through the soil, determine the factor of safety against...

A slope is shown in Figure 15.50. If AC represents a trial failure plane, determine the factor of safety against sliding for the wedge ABC. Given: ( = 18 kN/m3, (' = 25°, and c' = 19.1 kN/m3....

A square footing (B ( B) must carry a gross allowable load of 1111 kN. The base of the footing is to be located at a depth of 1.37 m below the ground surface. If the required factor of safety is 4,...

Are valley glaciers found only in polar latitudes?

How does snow turn to ice?

Define sustainable development and describe some of its principal tenets.

(a) Given a triangular 1-hr UH with TB = 12 hr, TR = 4 hr, QP = 200 cfs, Where TB = time base of the UH, TR = time of rise, QP = peak flow, Develop a storm hydrograph for hourly rainfall (in.) of P =...

A 5-hr storm over a 15-ac basin produces a 5-in. rainfall: 1.2 in./hr for the first hour, 2.1 in./hr for the second hour, 0.9 in./hr for the third hour, and 0.4 in./hr for the last two hours....

Repeat problem 4.11 for the case that the reservoir is partially full of water with initial height above the weir ofy = 3 ft. Assume vertical walls (i.e., constant surface area for all depths). In...

Develop a spreadsheet for Muskingum routing using the given inflow hydrograph through the river reach, where K = 2 hr, x = 0.15, and t = 2 hr. Time (hr)Inflow (m3/s) 0..............................60...

For a given soil, pd = 2180 kg/m3 and n = 0.3. Determine: a. Void ratio b. Specific gravity of soil solids

The following are the results of a sieve analysis: U.S. sieve no. Mass of soil retained (g) 4........................................28 10.......................................42...

The moist unit weight of a soil is 19.2 kN/m3. Given that Gs = 2.69 and w = 9.8%, determine: a. Void ratio b. Dry unit weight c. Degree of saturation

The subsurface characteristics for a highway pavement rehabilitation project in the southeastern United States are shown in a "boring log" in Figure 5.13. The highway structure consists of the...

The maximum and minimum dry unit weights of a sand were determined in the laboratory to be 18.9 and 15.5 kN/m3, respectively. What is the relative compaction in the field if the relative density is...

The relative compaction of a sand in the field is 93.5%. Given that gd(max) = 16.98 kN/m3 and gd(min) = 14.46 kN/m3, determine the dry unit weight in the field and the relative density of compaction.

A permeable soil layer is underlain by an impervious layer as shown in Figure 7.32. Knowing that k = 4.8 Ã 10-3 cm/sec for the permeable layer, calculate the rate of seepage through this layer...

A proposed embankment fill requires 5000 m3 of compacted soil. The void ratio of the compacted fill is specified as 0.75. Soil can be transported from one of the four borrow pits as described in the...

The following data are for a falling-head permeability test: Length of the soil sample = 150 mm Area of the soil sample = 1964 mm2 Area of the standpipe = 25 mm2 At time t = 0, head difference =...

Refer to Problem 9.9. Water may be introduced into the cut to improve the stability against heaving. Assuming that a cut is made up to the maximum permissible depth calculated in Problem 9.9, what...

Refer to Figure 9.4a. If H1 = 0.91 m, H2 = 1.37 m, h = 0.46 m, (`sat = 18.67 kN/m3, area of the tank = 0.58 m2, and hydraulic conductivity of the sand (k) = 0.16 cm/sec, a. What is the rate of upward...

Consider the soil profile shown in Figure 9.26: a. Calculate the variations of s, u, and s at points A, B, and C. b. How high should the groundwater table rise so that the effective stress at C is...

Refer to Figure 10.41. Due to application of line loads q1 and q2, the vertical stress increase at point A is 42 kN/m2. Determine the magnitude of q2. 92 91 292 kN/m 45 4.5 m 3 m

Repeat Problem 10.12 for the following case: q = 120 kN/m2, B = 6 m, z = 5 m, and the soil element A is located along the centerline under the strip load. Line load q Line load 92

Figure 10.23 shows a circular area of radius, R = 5 m subjected to a uniformly distributed load, q = 380 kN/m2. Determine the vertical stress increases 3 m below the loaded area at radial distances,...

Refer to Figure 10.46. A flexible rectangular area is subjected to a uniformly distributed load of q = 225 kN/m2. Determine the increase in vertical stress, ÎÏz at a depth of z = 3 m under...

Refer to Figure 10.40. Determine the vertical stress increase, ÎÏz, at point A with the following values: q1 = 90 kN/m; q2 = 325 kN/m; x1 = 4 m; x2 = 2.5 m; z = 3 m. Line load qi Line load...

A 2-m clay layer in the field has a current effective stress, '0 = 70 kN/m2. There is a net stress increase, = 180 kN/m2, due to a foundation load. Calculate the expected primary consolidation...

Refer to Problem 11.9. How long will it take for 75% consolidation to be over in the field? Given: cv = 0.24 cm2/min. In problem 9 Refer to Figure 11.44. Estimate the primary consolidation settlement...

A 4.5 m saturated clay layer (two-way drainage) subjected to surcharge loading underwent 90% primary consolidation in 180 days. a. Find the coefficient of consolidation of the clay for the pressure...

Following data are given for a direct shear test conducted on dry sand: Specimen dimensions: 63 mm x 63 mm x 25 mm (height) Normal stress: 105 kN/m2 Shear force at failure: 300 N a. Determine the...

The results of two consolidated-drained triaxial tests on a clay are given below: Calculate the shear strength parameters of the soil. Chamber (KN/m2) 105 210 Devlator stress, Specdmen CGAN/m/n2...

Consider the triaxial tests in Problem 12.14. a. What are the normal and shear stresses on a plane inclined at 40° to the major principal plane for Specimen I? b. What are the normal and shear...

The shear strength of a normally consolidated clay can be given by the equation f = ' tan 27. Following are the results of a consolidated-undrained test on the clay. Chamber-confining pressure = 150...

Figure 13.36 shows a retaining wall that is restrained from yielding. For each problem, determine the magnitude of the lateral earth force per unit length of the wall. Also, find the location of the...

Assume that the retaining wall shown in Figure 13.36 is frictionless. For each problem, determine the Rankine active force per unit length of the wall, the variation of active earth pressure with...

Assume that the retaining wall shown in Figure 13.36 is frictionless. For each problem, determine the Rankine passive force per unit length of the wall, the variation of active earth pressure with...

A square footing is shown in Figure 16.20. The footing is subjected to an eccentric load. For the following cases, determine the gross allowable load that the footing could carry with Fs = 5. Use...

A plate-load test was conducted on a sandy soil in which the size of the bearing plate was 610 mm ( 610 mm. The ultimate load per unit area (qu) for the test was found to be 325.5 kN/m2. Estimate the...

What are the three spheres at or near the earths surface, excluding the biosphere?

Why is the order of weathering of the common igneous minerals the same as Bowens reaction series (see Problem 4.20)?

On a geology exam, one question read as follows: During metamorphism, rocks may be melted at temperatures as high as 1000C. Comment. OK, comment.

Where does contact metamorphism occur?

What is base level?

What method has the IPCC used to demonstrate a human cause for recent climate changes? Why can't we do a proper manipulative study to prove a human cause?

Suppose that your brother or sister has decided to buy a house next to a toxic waste dump because it costs $20,000 less than a comparable house elsewhere. What do you say to him or her?

A watershed of 465 ac with six rainfall gages can be divided into Thiessen polygons with the listed data in the accompanying table. Using the total storm rainfall depths listed; find the average...

Using the convolution equation, develop a storm hydrograph for the rainfall intensity i and infiltration/given in the table (at the end of each time step) using the 30-min unit hydrograph U given...

A temporary cofferdam is being designed to protect a 5-yr construction project from the 25-yr flood. What is the probability that the cofferdam will be overtopped? (a) At least once during the 5-yr...

Compare and contrast hydrologic and hydraulic routing methods.

The hydrograph at the upstream end of a river is given in the following table. Develop the hydrograph for the downstream end of this river reach according to the Muskingum- Cunge method. The reach of...

A planned 5.43-ac subdivision is sketched. The soils are generally sandy, and the only runoll will occur from the directly connected (i.e., hydraulically effective) impervious street and drive way...

The subdivision of Problem 6.8 drains to the upstream end of a circular price that has an n value of 0.013 and a slope of 0.005 ft/ft. Determine the size of pipe needed to carry the flow from the...

Two piezometers are located 1000 ft apart with the bottom located at depaths of 50 ft and 350 ft, respectively, in a 400 ft thick unconfined aquifer. The depth to the water table is 50 ft in the...

For a moist soil, given the following: V = 7.08 10-3 m3; W = 136.8 10-3 kN; W = 9.8%; Gs = 2.66. Determine: a. Dry unit weight b. Void ratio c. Volume occupied by water

Repeat Problem 2.7 with the following data: a. Draw the grain-size distribution curve. b. Determine the percentages of gravel, sand, silt, and clay according to the MIT system. c. Repeat Part b...

For a given sandy soil, emax = 0.75 and emin = 0.52. If Gs = 2.67 and Dr = 65%, determine: a. Void ratio b. Dry unit weight

The moist weight of 2.83 10-3 m3 of soil is 55.5 10-3 kN/m3. If the moisture content is 14% and the specific gravity of soil solids is 2.71, determine the following: a. Moist unit weight b. Dry...

It is known that the natural soil at a construction site has a void ratio of 0.92. At the end of compaction, the in-place void ratio was found to be 0.65. If the moisture content remains unchanged,...

Results from liquid and plastic limit tests conducted on a soil are given below. Liquid limit tests: Number of blows, N Moisture content (%) 14.........................................38.4...

Results from liquid and plastic limit tests conducted on a soil are given below. Liquid limit tests: Number of blows, N Moisture content (%) 13................................................33...

A saturated soil used to determine the shrinkage limit has initial volume Vi = 20.2 cm3, final volume Vf = 14.3 cm3, mass of wet soil M1 = 34 g, and mass of dry soil M2 = 24 g. Determine the...